Recombinant Human IL-18
IL-18 Recombinant Protein
Specifications:
Background
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is an 18-kDa cytokine which identified as a costimulatory factor for production of interferon- (IFN-gamma) in response to toxic shock and shares functional similarities with IL-12. IL-18
is synthesized as a precursor 24-kDa molecule without a signal peptide and must be cleaved to produce an active molecule. IL-1 converting enzyme (ICE, Caspase-1) cleaves pro-IL-18 at aspartic acid in the P1 position, producing the mature, bioactive peptide that is readily released from the cells. It is reported that IL-18 is produced from Kupffer cells, activated macrophages, keratinocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, osteoblasts, adrenal cortex cells and murine diencephalon. IFN-gamma is produced by activated T
or NK cells and plays critical roles in the defense against microbiral pathogens. IFN-gamma activates macrophages and enhances NK activity and B cell maturation, proliferation and Ig secretion. IFN- also induces expression of MHC class I and II antigens and inhibits osteoclast activation. IL-18 acts on T helper type-1 (Th1) T cells and in combination with IL-12 strongly induces them to produce
IFN-gamma. Pleiotropic effects of IL-18 have also been reported, such as, enhancement production of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, production of Th1 cytokines, IL-2, GM-CSF and IFN-gamma in T cells, enhancement of Fas ligand expression by Th1 cells.
Description
| Target: | IL-18 |
|---|---|
| Product Type: | Cytokine |
| Size: | 25 µg |
| Research Area / Disease: | Immunology |
| Species Reactivity: | Human |
| Purity: | Greater than 90% purity as confirmed on SDS-PAGE by Coomassie brilliant blue staining. |
| Endotoxin Level: | Less than 0.1 ng per 1 g of recombinant human IL-18 protein, when measured by the LAL assay. |
| Formulation: | 25 μg of lyophilized human IL-18 |
| Reconstitution: | Reconstitute with 250 μL of ice-cold distilled water on ice. The concentration will be 25 μg of human IL-18 in 250 μL volume of PBS containing 0.1% BSA and 1% sucrose. |
Citations
Reeves, E. P., et al., J. Immunol. 184, 1642-1652 (2010)
Guia, S., et al., Blood 111, 5008-5016 (2008)
Takahashi, H. K., et al., J. Leukoc. Biol. 77, 400-407 (2005)
Hata, H., et al., Int. Immunol. 16, 1733-1739 (2004)
Takahashi, H. K., et al., J. Immunol. 168, 4446-4454 (2002
Ni J, Miller M, Stojanovic A, Garbi N, Cerwenka A. Sustained effector function of IL-12/15/18-preactivated NK cells against established tumors. J Exp Med. 2012;209(13):2351-65.
Romee R, Schneider SE, Leong JW, et al. Cytokine activation induces human memory-like NK cells. Blood. 2012;120(24):4751-60.
Ndhlovu LC, Lopez-vergès S, Barbour JD, et al. Tim-3 marks human natural killer cell maturation and suppresses cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Blood. 2012;119(16):3734-43.
Matsunaga H, Hokari R, Ueda T, et al. Physiological stress exacerbates murine colitis by enhancing proinflammatory cytokine expression that is dependent on IL-18. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;301(3):G555-64.
Reeves EP, Williamson M, Byrne B, et al. IL-8 dictates glycosaminoglycan binding and stability of IL-18 in cystic fibrosis. J Immunol. 2010;184(3):1642-52.
Van de wetering D, De paus RA, Van dissel JT, Van de vosse E. IL-23 modulates CD56+/CD3- NK cell and CD56+/CD3+ NK-like T cell function differentially from IL-12. Int Immunol. 2009;21(2):145-53.
Bachmann M, Dragoi C, Poleganov MA, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H. Interleukin-18 directly activates T-bet expression and function via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB in acute myeloid leukemia-derived predendritic KG-1 cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007;6(2):723-31.
Omoto Y, Tokime K, Yamanaka K, et al. Human mast cell chymase cleaves pro-IL-18 and generates a novel and biologically active IL-18 fragment. J Immunol. 2006;177(12):8315-9.
Elbim C, Guichard C, Dang PM, et al. Interleukin-18 primes the oxidative burst of neutrophils in response to formyl-peptides: role of cytochrome b558 translocation and N-formyl peptide receptor endocytosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005;12(3):436-46.
Dai SM, Nishioka K, Yudoh K. Interleukin (IL) 18 stimulates osteoclast formation through synovial T cells in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with IL1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(11):1379-86.
Yoshino O, Osuga Y, Koga K, et al. Evidence for the expression of interleukin (IL)-18, IL-18 receptor and IL-18 binding protein in the human endometrium. Mol Hum Reprod. 2001;7(7):649-54.
Vankayalapati R, Wizel B, Weis SE, Samten B, Girard WM, Barnes PF. Production of interleukin-18 in human tuberculosis. J Infect Dis. 2000;182(1):234-9.
Bradley T et al. RAB11FIP5 Expression and Altered Natural Killer Cell Function Are Associated with Induction of HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Responses. Cell 175, 387-399.e17 (2018)
Bossù P et al. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Homotaurine in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci. 10, 85 (2018)
References
Tao, D., et al., Cell Immunol. 173, 230-235 (1998)
Ushio, S., et al., J. Immunol. 156, 4274-4279 (1996)
Micallef, M., et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 26, 1647-1651 (1996)
Okamura, H., et al., Nature 378, 88-91 (1995)
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