Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression is thought to be critical for the localized change in protein levels involved in cell differentiation and in the maintenance of the differentiated phenotype, particularly in polarized cells such as neuronal cells. The neuron-specific ELAV proteins (HuB, HuC, and HuD) act posttranscriptionally by binding to adenine- and uridine-rich elements (AREs) in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of a set of target mRNAs, and by increasing mRNA cytoplasmic stability and rate of translation. Protein kinase C activation is known to induce the upregulation and redistribution of nELAV proteins. HuC is reported to play an important rolein spatial learning performance in mice.